![]() ![]() According to this definition, hope consists of a desire and a belief in the possibility, but not the certainty, of the desired outcome. Their characterization of hope closely resembles the “standard definition” of hope in contemporary debates. The paper’s guiding questions are: Where are discussions of hope located within these thinkers’ works? Do the authors provide an account of what hope is? Do they ascribe a certain function to hope? Most authors of the Enlightenment, with the exception of Kant, write about hope in the context of a general account of the passions. This chapter discusses accounts of hope found in the works of important Enlightenment thinkers: René Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, Baruch de Spinoza, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. ![]()
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